Properties of nickel-base alloys
Nickel-based alloys are used for steel refinement. The main component is nickel.
Steel refinement is the refinement of steel so that stainless steels are produced.
These are later used as pipes, for example. Nickel is a chemical element with the element symbol "Ni" and
the atomic number 28. It is very rarely found in pure form, as the content of nickel in the earth's crust is 0.008%.
It is a silvery-white heavy metal that is often used for the production of stainless steels and nickel alloys.
Nickel-based alloys have good corrosion resistance and high strength.
They are resistant to both low and high temperatures. Furthermore, they have different magnetic properties.
Some are highly magnetic, whereas others are non-magnetic.
Nickel-based alloys include, for example, nickel-chromium, nickel-chromium-cobalt or
low-alloy nickel alloys with a nickel content of up to 99.9 %.
There are also so-called "nickel-based superalloys". These alloys have a special composition to make
them suitable for high temperatures. Their advantage is their good creep and fatigue resistance at high temperatures.
Thus, nickel-base superalloys are superior to high-temperature steels from 550°C onwards. Furthermore,
their high temperature resistance allows them to be used in areas close to their melting point.
Nickel-based superalloys are very corrosion-resistant and the addition of aluminium or titanium as an alloy increases their strength.
Nickel-based alloys can be melted in an arc furnace in air.
This is followed by an AOD (argon-oxygen decarburisation) treatment
or an ESU (electroslag remelting) process. Otherwise, mechanical alloying can also take place, but this requires a high energy input.
This method involves mixing a mixture of alloy powder with oxides. Workpieces with nickel-based alloy are mainly used as high-temperature materials, valves, pumps or turbines.
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